Optimized, visible light-induced crosslinkable hybrid gelatin/hyaluronic acid scaffold promotes complete spinal cord injury repair

Severe microenvironmental changes after spinal cord injury (SCI) present serious challenges in neural regeneration and tissue repair. Gelatin (GL)- and hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels are attractive scaffolds because they are major components of the extracellular matrix and can provide a favorable adjustable microenvironment for neurogenesis and motor function recovery. In this study, three-dimensional hybrid GL/HA hydrogel scaffolds were prepared and optimized. The hybrid hydrogels could undergoin situgelation and fit the defects perfectly via visible light-induced crosslinking in the complete SCI rats. We found that the transplantation of the hybrid hydrogel scaffold significantly reduced the inflammatory responses and suppressed glial scar formation in an HA concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the hybrid hydrogel with GL/HA ratios less than 8/2 effectively promoted endogenous neural stem cell migration and neurogenesis, as well as improved neuron maturation and axonal regeneration. The results showed locomotor function improved 60 days after transplantation, thus suggesting that GL/HA hydrogels can be considered as a promising scaffold for complete SCI repair.