Effects of 13-year nitrogen additions on stoichiometric relationship in the plant–soil–microbial continuum from tropical to boreal forests

Ecological stoichiometry in the plant–soil–microbial systems is crucial for regulating nutrient flow and sustaining ecosystem functions in forests. However, how rising atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition induced by human activities impacts the stoichiometric relationships across ecosystem compartments remains poorly understood. This study was conducted at the manipulation experimental network of the Nutrient Enrichment Experiments in China’s Forests (NEECF), which was designed to elucidate the impact of nutrient deposition on Chinese forest ecosystems. Our findings provide new insights into the resilience and complexity of nutrient regulation in forests under chronic N deposition, with important implications for predicting long-term ecosystem responses and developing sustainable nutrient management strategies.