Bismuth Nanoparticles and Single Iron Atoms on Carbon Derived from a Covalent Organic Framework Synergistically Catalyze the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Abstract The utilization of catalysts comprising metal nanoparticle has been beneficial for enhancing the performance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the inadequate intrinsic activity of these catalysts still presents a significant challenge, limiting their overall effectiveness. This issue can be addressed by introducing single atoms, which can create a synergistic effect with the nanoparticles to catalyse and thereby improve performance. Nevertheless, the synergistic catalysis of nanoparticles and single atoms is still under investigation. In this study, we fabricated a core‐shell structured carbon framework incorporating Fe single atoms and Bi nanoparticles through the pyrolysis of COF and MOF core‐shell structures. Introducing Fe single atoms into ZIF‐8, with Fe‐ZIF‐8 as the core and Bi‐containing COF as the shell, resulted in higher ORR activity. The catalyst exhibited a half‐wave potential of 0.867 V and a high current density of 6.68 mA cm −2 in 0.1 M KOH, which were comparable to those of Pt/C equivalent. This study provides new research concepts for exploring the application of single atoms and nanoparticles in catalytic oxygen reduction reactions through synergistic effects.