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Nanoparticle-Stabilized Foams for High-Temperature, High-Salinity Oil Reservoirs

微模型 材料科学 油到位 提高采收率 磁导率 肺表面活性物质 纳米颗粒 化学工程 盐度 多孔介质 复合材料 石油工程 多孔性 地质学 化学 纳米技术 石油 有机化学 工程类 海洋学 生物化学
作者
Robin Singh,Kishore K. Mohanty
出处
期刊:SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition 被引量:54
标识
DOI:10.2118/187165-ms
摘要

Abstract The goal of this work is to develop foams stabilized by a combination of nanoparticles and surfactants for high-temperature, high-salinity reservoirs. Two types of silica nanoparticles (LNP1, LNP2) with different grafted low molecular weight ligands/polymers were used. First, aqueous stability tests of these formulations were performed at high-temperature (80 °C) and high-salinity conditions (8 wt% NaCl and 2 wt% CaCl2). The screened nanoparticles were used in combination with a surfactant. Second, bulk foam tests were performed to evaluate their foaming performance in bulk. Finally, oil displacement experiments were conducted in an in-house, custom-built 2D sand pack with flow visualization. The sand pack had two layers of silica sand — top layer with 40-70 mesh and bottom layer with 100-120 mesh, which resulted in a permeability contrast of 6:1. Water flood with subsequent foam flood was performed. The grafting of low-molecular-weight polymers/ligands on silica nanoparticle surfaces resulted in steric stabilization under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions. In the oil displacement experiments in the layered sand packs, the water flood recoveries were low (~33% OOIP) due to channeling in the top high-permeability region, leaving the bottom low-permeability region completely unswept. Foam flooding with just the surfactant leads to a drastic improvement in sweep efficiency. It resulted in an incremental oil recovery as high as 43.3% OOIP. Different cross-flow behaviors were observed during foam flooding. Significant cross-flow of oil from low-permeability region to high-permeability region was observed for the case of surfactant. Conversely, the LNP2-surfactant blend resulted in no crossflow from the low permeability layer with complete blocking of the high-permeability region due to the formation of in-situ emulsion. Such selective plugging of high-perm channels via nanoparticles with optimum surface coating has significant potential in recovering oil from heterogeneous reservoirs.
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