细胞外液
细胞内液
流体室
医学
体液
细胞外
细胞生理学
平衡
平衡(能力)
水电解质平衡
组织液
细胞内
生理学
体液
钠
内科学
细胞生物学
细胞
化学
病理
生物
生物化学
体重
钙
有机化学
物理医学与康复
作者
Fiona Watson,Pauline Austin
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.mpaic.2021.07.010
摘要
Abstract
The physiology of fluid balance in humans should be understood and applied in clinical practice. Fluid balance, when managed accurately and safely, can prevent significant morbidity and mortality. Anaesthesia and critical care patients are often fasted and under physiological stress. Therefore, homoeostatic regulation of fluid balance is impaired. A disturbance in normal fluid balance induces a physiological 'stress' response via metabolic, neuroendocrine and immune-mediated systems. Critically unwell patients may suffer morbidity secondary to high-volume fluid losses or oedema. There are three fluid compartments discussed in relation to human fluid balance. The intracellular space is surrounded by extracellular fluid, separated by the water permeable cell membrane. Extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment volume and electrolyte concentration, majorly sodium, must be tightly regulated to avoid osmosis and cell damage. The renal system maintains ECF volume by regulating sodium and osmotic concentration by retaining or excreting water.
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