免疫系统
工作(物理)
生物
细胞骨架
克隆选择
进化生物学
细胞生物学
物理
细胞
遗传学
免疫学
热力学
作者
Jiang, Hongda,Wang, Shenshen
出处
期刊:Cornell University - arXiv
日期:2022-09-28
标识
DOI:10.48550/arxiv.2209.13991
摘要
Cells are known to exert forces to sense their physical surroundings for guidance of motion and fate decisions. Here, we propose that cells might do mechanical work to drive their own evolution, taking inspiration from the adaptive immune system. Growing evidence indicates that immune B cells - capable of rapid Darwinian evolution - use cytoskeletal forces to actively extract antigen from other cells' surface. To elucidate the evolutionary significance of force usage, we develop a theory of tug-of-war antigen extraction that maps receptor binding characteristics to clonal reproductive fitness, revealing physical determinants of selection strength. This framework unifies mechanosensing and affinity-discrimination capabilities of evolving cells: pulling against stiff antigen tethers enhances discrimination stringency at the expense of absolute extraction. As a consequence, active force usage can accelerate adaptation but may also cause extinction of cell populations, resulting in an optimal range of pulling strength that matches molecular rupture forces observed in cells. Our work suggests that nonequilibrium, physical extraction of environmental signals can make biological systems more evolvable at a moderate energy cost.
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