Dye-sensitized solar cell-based optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices capable of wavelength recognition for physical reservoir computing

Abstract We demonstrate that dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with SQ2 dye function as wavelength-sensitive optoelectronic synaptic devices for physical reservoir computing (PRC). Leveraging steep slopes in the external quantum efficiency (EQE) profile, DSCs exhibit high sensitivity to minor wavelength shifts, achieving paired-pulse facilitation index of 143%. The device successfully performed handwritten digit recognition with 87% accuracy using wavelength-coded input data. This study highlights DSCs' ability to process wavelength variations as small as 10 nm, offering a low-power, compact alternative to traditional optical sensors and paving the way for advanced AI sensors and next-generation synaptic devices.