电解质
溶剂化
碳酸乙烯酯
材料科学
化学工程
结晶
热稳定性
四氢呋喃
溶剂
碳酸丙烯酯
电池(电)
热分解
二聚体
碳酸盐
乙醚
碳酸二甲酯
碳酸二乙酯
离子键合
冰点
热的
甲醇
分解
作者
Zongbin Luo,Linyu Hu,Yong Ye,Guoliang Ma,Yu Ding,Xinming Fan,Chunlong Dai,Zifeng Lin
标识
DOI:10.1002/anie.202521433
摘要
ABSTRACT Conventional sodium‐ion battery (SIB) electrolytes are typically composed of mixed cyclic and linear carbonates, which face critical challenges at low temperatures, including solvent crystallization and sluggish Na + transport. In this work, we developed a low‐cost, all‐cyclic‐solvent electrolyte in which cyclic ethers, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), are gradually introduced into the high‐polarity cyclic carbonates, propylene carbonate (PC) and ethylene carbonate (EC), systematically reconstructing the Na + solvation structure. Competitive coordination between the high‐polarity cyclic carbonates and low‐polarity cyclic ethers generates an anion‐rich solvation environment, simultaneously suppressing electrolyte crystallization and lowering Na + desolvation energy. The optimized electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity, an ultralow freezing point (< −130°C), and excellent interfacial stability, enabling outstanding performance, including ultra‐fast charging (89.9 mAh g − 1 at 50 C), extreme low‐temperature operation (57% capacity retention at −70°C), and ultra‐long cycling stability (>10000 cycles). Its practical applicability was further validated using 26700 cylindrical cells, which demonstrated stable cycling for over 2000 cycles at room temperature and maintained stable performance at −40°C. The cells exhibited high safety under abuse conditions, including thermal abuse and nail penetration. This design strategy can be generalized to other all‐cyclic‐solvent systems, providing a universal approach for low‐cost, fast‐charging, ultralow‐temperature SIBs.
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