Sensitization to acid‐hydrolyzed wheat protein by transdermal administration to BALB/c mice, and comparison with gluten

Abstract Background An increasing number of studies have shown that hydrolyzed wheat protein ( HWP ) can induce I g E ‐mediated hypersensitivity by skin contact and/or food ingestion. However, there has been no study of the sensitizing potential of HWP . In this study, the possibility of transdermal pathway for sensitization to acid‐ HWP ( HWP 1) was investigated using BALB /c mice, and compared with that of gluten. Methods HWP 1 or gluten (500 μg/mouse) was transdermally administered using patches. After three or four cycles of sensitization for 3 days/week, active systemic anaphylaxis ( ASA ) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of the antigen, and rectal temperatures, scores of anaphylactic responses, and plasma histamine levels were determined. Because HWP 1 was included in facial soap in J apan, the effect of detergent on the sensitizing potential was also investigated. Results Transdermal administration of HWP 1 induced dose‐dependent production of I g E and I g G 1. After sensitization for 3 or 4 weeks, intraperitoneal injection of HWP 1 caused ASA , leading to decreased rectal temperatures, increased anaphylaxis scores, and increased plasma histamine levels. In addition, splenocytes harvested after ASA produced IL ‐4, IL ‐5, and IL ‐10 by re‐stimulation with HWP 1. Transdermal exposure to gluten also induced I g E and I g G 1 production, and intraperitoneal injection of gluten also induced ASA only in mice sensitized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Conclusions Transdermal exposure to HWP 1 is sufficient to activate key immune pathways necessary for sensitizing mice for immediate hypersensitivity reactions. This study shows that HWP has a sensitizing potential as well as gluten, whereas its allergenicity may be different from that of gluten.