Molecular docking and in vitro evaluation of glucosamine sulfate targeting MMP-3, MMP-9, and IL-4 for potential osteoarthritis treatment

This study intended to investigate the potential of glucosamine sulfate (GS) as an inhibitor of genes involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Despite GS is often used for OA treatment due to its cartilage preservation and minimum side effects, the molecular mechanism behind its interactions remains unknown.