胰岛素抵抗
胰岛素受体
胰岛素
生物
信号转导
激酶
内分泌学
葡萄糖摄取
2型糖尿病
内科学
神经科学
糖尿病
细胞生物学
医学
作者
Medha Sharma,Yamini Yadav,Chinmoy Sankar Dey
摘要
Insulin signaling cascade in peripheral insulin-sensitive tissues regulates whole-body glucose metabolism. Any deregulation in this pathway leads to insulin resistance, ultimately leading to metabolic diseases like type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Insulin signaling in the brain has also been studied for many decades and associated with many primary functions like maintenance of synaptic plasticity, regulation of cognition, and circadian rhythm. Importantly, neuronal insulin signaling has also been associated with the regulation of neuronal glucose uptake. Any impairment in neuronal insulin signaling affecting neuronal glucose uptake has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, the process now being termed as type 3 diabetes. Since the criticality lies in proper signaling cascade, determining important points of deregulation is important. In this review, we have discussed some critical points of such deregulation, dividing them into two classes of enzymes: kinases and phosphatases. We have highlighted their individual roles in neuronal insulin signaling, along with their possible implications in neuronal insulin resistance. Future strategies targeting these nodes in neuronal insulin signaling might be helpful in exploring potential therapeutic opportunities to overcome neuronal insulin resistance and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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