Rational Design of Nanomaterials for Various Radiation‐Induced Diseases Prevention and Treatment

Abstract Radiation treatments often unfavorably damage neighboring healthy organs and cause a series of radiation sequelae, such as radiation‐induced hematopoietic system diseases, radiation‐induced gastrointestinal diseases, radiation‐induced lung diseases, and radiation‐induced skin diseases. Recently, emerging nanomaterials have exhibited good superiority for these radiation‐induced disease treatments. Given this background, the rational design principle of nanomaterials, which helps to optimize the therapeutic efficiency, has been an increasing need. Consequently, it is of great significance to perform a systematic summarization of the advances in this field, which can trigger the development of new high‐performance nanoradioprotectors with drug efficiency maximization. Herein, this review highlights the advances and perspectives in the rational design of nanomaterials for preventing and treating various common radiation‐induced diseases. Furthermore, the sources, clinical symptoms, and pathogenesis/injury mechanisms of these radiation‐induced diseases will also be introduced. Furthermore, current challenges and directions for future efforts in this field are also discussed.