聚丙烯腈
超级电容器
杂原子
碳化
材料科学
静电纺丝
化学工程
石墨烯
比表面积
纳米纤维
电解质
碳纤维
电化学
碳纳米纤维
结晶度
水热碳化
电极
纳米技术
化学
复合材料
有机化学
碳纳米管
复合数
聚合物
烷基
催化作用
物理化学
工程类
扫描电子显微镜
作者
Zhong Dai,Pengfei Ren,Yanling Jin,Hua Zhang,Fangfang Ren,Qian Zhang
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.226937
摘要
Persuing both high energy and power density in one supercapacitor at low cost is very challenging to date. Here, we report the fabrication of nitorgen and Sulphur co-doped graphene (GN) modified lignin/polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon nanofiber (ACNFs) from mainly the biomass of lignin following a process of electrospinning, carbonization and activation. GN is used as nitrogen/sulphur immobilization agent to successfully capture HCN, NH3 and SO2 released from lignin and PAN during carbonization, and thus the content of heteroatoms of N and S in ACNFs is increased. The resulting ACNF with 0.30 wt% GN content possesses the maximum specific surface area of 2439 m2 g−1. It shows a typical three-dimensional porous network structures with the highest heteroatom doping content and high degree of crystallinity. The assembled supercapacitor exhibits superior electrochemical performance with ultra-high specific capacitance of 267.32 F g−1, low equivalent series resistance of 5.67 Ω, and outstanding cycling stability of 96.7% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles of charge/discharge in a two-electrode system with 6 mol L−1 KOH as electrolyte. Most importantly, the assembled symmetric supercapacitor shows that ACNFs doping with GNs increases the energy density from 4.12 to 9.28 Wh kg−1 and at the same time with barely reduced power density.
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