Partial lithiation strategies for suppressing degradation of silicon composite electrodes

Partial lithiation strategies for silicon composite electrodes are experimentally investigated in this article. Two types of partial lithiation, i.e. voltage- and capacity-control strategies, are presented. Capacity loss and irreversibility of silicon electrodes are significantly suppressed by either partial lithiation strategy without any complicated modifications or treatments. The capacity of partially lithiated silicon electrodes is even higher than that of fully lithiated one after certain cycles. The images of scanning electron microscope suggest that the mechanical damage generated in partially lithiated electrodes is less than that in fully lithiated one. Furthermore, after dozens of cycles with partial lithiation, capacity decay also slows down in subsequent full charge-discharge cycles. The presented experimental results suggest that the partial lithiation strategy relieves the coupled mechanical-electrochemical degradation and is a promising approach for the long-term use of silicon composite electrodes.