Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by normal intracranial pressure, ventriculomegaly, gait disturbances, cognitive impairment, and urinary dysfunction, with an unknown etiology and predominantly affecting elderly populations. iNPH frequently coexists with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and differentiating dementia-subtype iNPH from AD remains clinically challenging. In this review, we demonstrate that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers may aid differential diagnosis, correlate with cognitive impairment, and predict shunt surgery outcomes. The CSF biomarkers investigated include AD-associated markers (amyloid-β [Aβ] and tau proteins). Our analysis integrates bibliometric methodologies to map research trends. Advancements in understanding Aβ and tau pathology may offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for iNPH.