Application and Development of Nanotechnology in Traditional Chinese Acupuncture in Recent 20 Years: A Comprehensive Review

Acupuncture, rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), serves as a complementary and alternative therapeutic modality that involves the insertion of needles into specific body points to stimulate and treat a variety of conditions. Over time, acupuncture has garnered global acceptance, progressively addressing an increasing spectrum of medical disorders. The integration of nanotechnology holds considerable potential to improve drug delivery efficacy and broaden the scope of acupuncture's applications, providing novel opportunities for investigating the underlying principles of meridians and acupoints. A bibliometric analysis of the application of nanotechnology in acupuncture over the past two decades (2004-2024) highlights emerging research trends and focal points in the field. This article provides an overview of the history, biological mechanisms, preparation methods, and clinical research status of nanoacupuncture, with a focus on analyzing the applications of nanoacupuncture technology. Nanotechnology enables the visualization and imaging of meridians and acupoints, facilitating a deeper understanding of the physiological mechanisms behind acupuncture's therapeutic effects. Modified acupuncture needles incorporating nanotechnology can serve dual purposes: functioning as sensors for real-time monitoring of various physiological parameters, thereby supporting disease diagnosis and enhancing therapeutic efficacy through specialized interventions. Furthermore, nanotechnology-enhanced acupuncture needles can act as platforms for targeted drug delivery working in tandem with responsive nanoparticles for disease treatment. Despite its promising potential and clinical applicability, nanoacupuncture faces inherent limitations and challenges that must be addressed.