Functional Properties of the Hydroethanolic Extracts and Main Phenolics of Lactarius indigo and Amanita jacksonii: Millenary Mushrooms Consumed in the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico

Herein, we report on the nutraceutical properties of the edible mushrooms Lactarius indigo and Amanita jacksonii consumed in the Northeastern Highlands of Puebla, Mexico. According to HPLC-DAD/MS analysis, the hydroethanolic extracts of L. indigo contained seven phenolics with protocatechuic acid (PCA; 52.9 mg/100 g DW) as the major metabolite, whereas that of A. jacksonii contained nine phenolics with p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) as the main compound (47.3 mg/100 g DW). The L. indigo extract and PCA efficiently inhibited human HMG-CoA reductase (IC50, 85.6 and 71.9 µg/mL, respectively) and ornithine decarboxylase (IC50, 35.7 and 48.5 µg/mL, respectively) through mixed and competitive mechanisms of action. The hypocholesterolemic and antiproliferative effects of these natural agents were endorsed on ICR mice subjected to a hypercaloric diet and through DLD-1 cell viability assessment, respectively. The A. jacksonii extract and HBA exerted a potent inhibition on human pancreatic lipase (IC50, 58.7 and 88.1 µg/mL, respectively) through mixed and noncompetitive mechanisms, respectively. The anti-hypertriglyceridemic activity of the latter agents was demonstrated in ICR mice subjected to a high-fat diet during the postprandial and interdigestive situations. The present investigation validates that the functional properties of the studied mushrooms are related to their phenolic content.