Introduction to Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials

In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have advanced at a breakneck pace. The micro-to nanoscale reduction in particle diameter and tweaking of particle shape in materials result in unique characteristics and can be used in a variety of applications. Converting nanoscale components and entities into functionally distinct materials and technologies has newly gained popularity as a nanoarchitectonics method. Nanoarchitectonics in two dimensions has advanced significantly in recent years. Because of their large surface areas, 2D nanomaterials have become a popular topic for a diversity of surface-active applications. The increased demand for unconventional energy generation has spurred the coherent scheme and manufacture of 2D nanomaterials from the time when graphene was discovered. Hence, 2D nanomaterials have turned up to be a crucial class of nanomaterials for technology improvement because of their outstanding physiochemical properties. The multilayer architecture of these nanomaterials has robust in-plane bonding and moderate van der Waals within strata. These substances are being recommended for novel uses in energy, health, and the environment, all of which are critical societal sectors for long-term sustainability. Moreover, 2D nanomaterials counting graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, black phosphorus, and metal dichalcogenides have received huge consideration in present times because of their attractive characteristics and widespread usage in electronic goods, optoelectronic devices, photocatalysts, energy warehousing facilities, detectors, solar cells, lithium batteries, composite materials, and other fields. As a result, the objective of this book chapter is to present an overview of 2D nanomaterials, including their discovery, classification, structural modifications, and properties. Furthermore, based on the current knowledge, the uses of 2D nanomaterials are also discussed briefly.