Failure of alemtuzumab therapy to control MOG encephalomyelitis

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G (IgG)–associated encephalomyelitis (EM) is a rare autoimmune disorder that displays substantial clinicoradiologic overlap with aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG-seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) and classic multiple sclerosis (MS).1–3,e1 The long-term outcome is often poor.2,3,e1 Recent evidence suggests that many disease-modifying agents approved for the treatment of MS may be ineffective or even harmful in AQP4-IgG-positive and MOG-IgG-positive patients.2–4 Acknowledgment: The authors thank Anna Eschlbeck and Kathrin Schanda for technical assistance.