神经科学
睫状神经营养因子
视神经
再生(生物学)
轴突切开术
白血病抑制因子
生物
髓鞘
视网膜神经节细胞
背景(考古学)
细胞生物学
轴突
解剖
神经营养因子
中枢神经系统
免疫学
受体
细胞因子
古生物学
生物化学
白细胞介素6
作者
Dietmar Fischer,Marco Leibinger
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.06.005
摘要
Vision is the most important sense for humans and it is irreversibly impaired by axonal damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the optic nerve due to the lack of axonal regeneration. The failure of regeneration is partially attributable to factors located in the inhibitory environment of the forming glial scar and myelin as well as an insufficient intrinsic ability for axonal regrowth. Moreover, RGCs undergo apoptotic cell death after optic nerve injury, eliminating any chance for regeneration. In this review, we discuss the different aspects that cause regenerative failure in the optic nerve. Moreover, we describe discoveries of the last two decades demonstrating that under certain circumstances mature RGCs can be transformed into an active regenerative state allowing these neurons to survive axotomy and to regenerate axons in the injured optic nerve. In this context we focus on the role of the cytokines ciliary neutrophic factor (CNTF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), their receptors and the downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to overcome inhibitory signaling induced by molecules associated with optic nerve myelin and the glial scar as well as the regenerative outcome after combinatorial treatments. These findings are encouraging and may open the possibility that clinically meaningful regeneration may become achievable one day in the future.
科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI