Effect of exercise mode on physical function and quality of life in breast cancer–related lymphedema: a randomized trial

This study aimed to compare the effects of virtual reality (VR) training and resistance exercises training on lymphedema symptom severity as well as physical functioning and QoL in women with breast cancer–related lymphedema (BCRL). In a single blinded randomized trial, women diagnosed with unilateral BCRL were randomly divided into two groups: the Xbox Kinect group received VR Kinect-based games (n = 30) and resistance exercise group received resistance training (n = 30). In addition, both groups received complex decongestive physiotherapy (manual lymphatic drainage, compression bandages, skin care, and exercises). The intervention was conducted five sessions per week for 8 weeks. The outcome measures included excessive limb volume, visual analogue scale (VAS), the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, shoulder range of motion (ROM), shoulder muscles strength, hand grip strength, and Study Short-Form (SF-36). The outcomes were evaluated pre and post intervention (week 8). Statistical significant differences were recorded in VAS (pain intensity), DASH, shoulder ROM (p < 0.001), bodily pain (p = 0.002), general health (p < 0.001), and vitality (p = 0.006) in favor of the Xbox Kinect group. However, there were statistically significant differences in shoulder flexion strength (p = 0.002), external rotation strength (p = 0.004), and abduction strength and handgrip strength (p < 0.001) in favor of the resistance exercise group. The VR training was superior to resistance exercises training in BCRL management. The empirical findings support the VR as a new effective and encouraging intervention modality which can assist in improving physical functioning and quality of life in women with BCRL. This study is retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04724356).