神经黑素
致密部
黑质
帕金森病
帕金森病
磁共振成像
进行性核上麻痹
神经科学
蓝斑
生物标志物
多巴胺能
医学
病理
共核细胞病
神经影像学
疾病
多巴胺
心理学
生物
α-突触核蛋白
放射科
中枢神经系统
生物化学
作者
Yayun Yan,Mengchao Zhang,Wei Ren,Xiaoqi Zheng,Ying Chang
摘要
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and non-motor symptoms resulting from the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC). The current diagnosis of PD primarily relies on motor symptoms, often leading to diagnoses in advanced stages, where a significant portion of SNpc dopamine neurons has already succumbed. Therefore, the identification of imaging biomarkers for early-stage PD diagnosis and disease progression monitoring is imperative. Recent studies propose that neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) holds promise as an imaging biomarker. In this review, we summarize the latest findings concerning NM-MRI characteristics at various stages in patients with PD and those with atypical parkinsonism. In conclusion, alterations in neuromelanin within the LC are associated with non-motor symptoms and prove to be a reliable imaging biomarker in the prodromal phase of PD. Furthermore, NM-MRI demonstrates efficacy in differentiating progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) from PD and multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism. The spatial patterns of changes in the SNpc can be indicative of PD progression and aid in distinguishing between PSP and synucleinopathies. We recommend that patients with PD and individuals at risk for PD undergo regular NM-MRI examinations. This technology holds the potential for widespread use in PD diagnosis.
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