Advancements in CHAMPS for Multi-Layer Ice Accretion on Aircraft

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The numerical simulation of ice accretion on aircraft is a complex problem that is difficult to simulate robustly, especially in 3D. The process, which combines multiple different solvers, is prone to fail whenever the geometry deformation due to ice is too complex. Thus, the more ice layers, the more fragile is the simulation. This paper aims at studying, and possibly reducing, the dependency on the number of layers by considering i) the impact of the deforming surface on the impingement and ii) a local roughness modeling that can better position the ice horns.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The method called Impact Angle Correction (IAC) method in the literature is implemented and consists in setting in an additional loop the components solved on the surface, namely the thermodynamic exchanges and the geometry update, to consider the change in the surface normal vectors. For each of these ice sub-layers, the impingement water mass is recomputed by considering all droplet bins after each deformation of the surface. Two-dimensional results show that this method can reduce the dependency on the number of full ice layers.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A local roughness model is also implemented to impact the convective heat transfer simulation on the surface depending on local icing data. This local roughness could allow to better capture the ice horn locations, angle and height. Two-dimensional results presented in this work show in particular that lower horns are better captured when using a local roughness model. Three-dimensional glaze results show the effect of the coupling of both models for single-layer ice accretion, which can help capturing small-scale ice features.</div></div>