MXene-integrated microneedles reprogram diabetic-associated macrophages for deep-wound infection therapy and immunoprotection

release, facilitating efficient eradication of deep-tissue infections without thermal injury. Our results demonstrate that MTF@MNs not only exhibit robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, but also promote macrophage polarization toward pro-regenerative phenotypes. Furthermore, they attenuate pro-inflammatory cytokine release by inhibiting the TNF/MAPK signaling pathway in macrophages. Collectively, the MTF@MNs system accelerates infected wound healing through reprogramming the immune microenvironment, enhancing collagen deposition, and stimulating angiogenesis, thus offering a promising strategy for the management of deep-tissue infections.