EEG As A Biomarker for Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are multifaceted conditions manifested as impairments in cognition, communication, behaviour, and/or motor skills resulting from abnormal brain development. Various methods and biomarkers are used to discriminate the subjects suffering from psychiatric disorders during different stages of the problem. This chapter explains applications of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal processing and machine learning for detection, recognition, or monitoring of some more popular psychiatric disorders for which the EEG signals are used as one of the screening modalities for diagnosis. The links between EEG features and clinical heterogeneity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are studied and it is concluded that multivariate analyses and resolution of EEG signals into their neural generators, can put EEG into clinical practise for ADHD. Alterations of EEG gamma activity in schizophrenia have been reported during sensory and cognitive tasks, but it remained unclear whether the changes are present in resting state.