电动现象
离子
化学物理
水溶液
相对湿度
多孔性
静电学
基质(水族馆)
纳米技术
多孔介质
电压
湿度
材料科学
电势能
化学
化学工程
热力学
复合材料
物理
功率(物理)
海洋学
有机化学
物理化学
量子力学
地质学
工程类
作者
Min Sung Kang,Hyun-Seok Ko,Seok-Hee Lee,Sung Beom Cho
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03183
摘要
Hydrovoltaic is emerging as a promising energy harvesting technology with the remarkable capability of generating energy through the direct interaction of water and material. The hydrovoltaic generates volt-level potentials without any external force, and its electrical performance can be enhanced by using an aqueous solution. However, it is not clear how salt ions affect or interact with the material. Herein, the theoretical model was used to provide an in-depth analysis of working principles. The model, validated with experimental results, incorporates four physics: water flow in unsaturated porous media, transportation of ions, chemical reactions, and electrostatics. It was found that the distribution of ions is key to improving the voltage output. The higher gradient of ions’ concentration leads to strong potential differences, and its asymmetry of concentration is mainly governed by the water flow and concentration distribution. Additionally, we analyzed the parametric effects of substrate porosity and relative humidity under salt solution. The results showed that the presence of salt ions makes the electrical performance highly sensitive to porosity but less sensitive to relative humidity. Our findings improve the understanding of hydrovoltaic mechanisms and pave the way for the practical use of hydrovoltaic systems.
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