材料科学
过电位
电解质
铜
阴极
阳极
相间
电极
成核
化学工程
电化学
纳米技术
冶金
电气工程
化学
物理化学
生物
遗传学
工程类
有机化学
作者
Yuanhe Sun,Zeying Yao,Qi Liu,Yuanxin Zhao,Zhiguo Ren,Wei Zhang,Jingying Si,Lei Zhang,Wen Wen,Daming Zhu,Xiaolong Li,Renzhong Tai
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202305087
摘要
High-energy metal anodes for large-scale reversible batteries with inexpensive and nonflammable aqueous electrolytes promise the capability of supporting higher current density, satisfactory lifetime, nontoxicity, and low-cost commercial manufacturing, yet remain out of reach due to the lack of reliable electrode-electrolyte interphase engineering. Herein, in situ formed robust interphase on copper metal electrodes (CMEs) induced by a trace amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.05 m in 1 m CuSO4 -H2 O electrolyte) to fulfill all aforementioned requirements is demonstrated. Impressively, an unprecedented ultrahigh-speed copper plating/stripping capability is achieved at 100 mA cm-2 for over 12 000 cycles, corresponding to an accumulative areal capacity up to tens of times higher than previously reported CMEs. The use of solid-electrolyte interface-protection strategy brings at least an order of magnitude improvement in cycling stability for symmetric cells (Cu||Cu, 2800 h) and full batteries with CMEs using either sulfur cathodes (S||Cu, 1000 cycles without capacity decay) or zinc anodes (Cu||Zn with all-metal electrodes, discharge voltage ≈1.02 V). The comprehensive analysis reveals that the hydrophilic phosphate-rich interphase nanostructures homogenize copper-ion deposition and suppress nucleation overpotential, enabling dendrite-free CMEs with sustainability and ability to tolerate unusual-high power densities. The findings represent an elegant forerunner toward the promising goal of metal electrode applications.
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