Association between Life’s Essential 8 and risk of heart failure: findings from the Kailuan study

The impact of Life's Essential 8 (LE8) on heart failure (HF) remains poorly understood. We examined the associations between three forms of LE8 measurements and HF. A total of 35 896 participants without a prior history of HF from the Kailuan community were included. The LE8 status was measured in 2014. A latent mixture model was employed to identify the trajectories of LE8 during 2006 to 2014. The LE8 annual change rate was defined as the slope of the linear regression equation fitted by five LE8 measurements. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk of HF associated with LE8, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. The predictive performance was quantified and compared using the C-index. Five distinct LE8 trajectories were identified. 461 HF events documented during follow-up. The LE8 trajectories presenting an upward trend in LE8 were associated with a reduced risk of HF, even when the initial LE8 level was low [HR (95% confidence interval) for moderate-increasing vs. moderate-decreasing trajectory was 0.43 (0.34, 0.55)]. The LE8 status was inversely associated with HF risk. A higher LE8 annual increase was associated with a lower risk of HF. The LE8 trajectory was more accurate in predicting the risk of HF compared with LE8 status. LE8 was inversely associated with HF risk. Individuals with initially low LE8 levels experienced a reversal in HF risk upon improvement. Both LE8 trajectories and status are practicable in identifying individuals at high risk of HF, LE8 trajectories may provide added prognostic information.