A dynamic mathematical model used for controller design of a supercritical once-through boiler-turbine unit in all load conditions

Recently, widespread adoption of renewable energy significantly impacts the security and stability of power grid. Utilizing coal-fired units in real-time load figuration remains a primary method to ensure grid stability. Therefore, supercritical Once-Through Boiler-Turbine (OTBT) units continuously enhance flexibility to meet the evolving needs of the grid. To broaden the load boundary and achieve fully automated control from unit start-up to rated load, establishing a dynamic mathematical model used for controller design of OTBT units in all load conditions is a necessary prerequisite. This model should accurately predict model outputs in both once-through mode (OTM) and recirculation mode (RCM) while also reflecting the dynamic transition processes between modes. In this study, we first conducted a detailed analysis of the characteristics of recirculation system. Mass and energy conservation equations are established separately for economizer-waterwall system and superheater system, including a level model for storage tank in RCM. Subsequently, through reasonable assumptions and analysis of the transition process, the modified steam dryness is identified as a crucial indicator to distinguish between RCM and OTM. This approach unified the model structures in RCM and OTM, avoiding issues related to model switching during mode transitions. Following this, model parameters were identified based on an improved dynamic search fireworks algorithm. Finally, multiple sets of comparative simulation experiments demonstrated that the established model exhibits high accuracy throughout the unit operation. Results from open-loop simulations indicated that this model can serve as a foundation for controller design of coordinated control system in all load conditions.