Functional Mechanisms and the Application of Developmental Regulators for Improving Genetic Transformation in Plants

Enhancing the genetic transformation efficiency of major crops remains a significant challenge, primarily due to their suboptimal regeneration efficiency. Developmental regulators, known as key regulatory genes, involved in plant meristem and somatic embryo formation, play a crucial role in improving plant meristem induction and regeneration. This review provides a detailed summary of the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of many developmental regulators, in the context of enhancing the genetic transformation efficiency in major crops. We also propose strategies for exploring and utilizing additional developmental regulators. Further investigation into the mechanisms of these regulators will deepen our understanding of the regenerative capacity and genetic transformation processes of plants, offering valuable support for future crop improvement efforts. The discovery of novel developmental regulators is expected to further advance crop transformation and the effective manipulation of various developmental regulators could provide a promising approach in order to enhance genetic transformation efficiency.