Zhi-zi-chi decoction exerts hypnotic effect through gut-brain axis modulation in insomnia mice

Background: and fermented soybean, has shown potential in promoting sleep, but its mechanism remains unclear. Methods: A PCPA-induced mice model of insomnia was used to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ZZCD. Behavioral tests, neurotransmitter assays, ELISA for HPA axis and inflammatory markers, 16S rDNA gut microbiota sequencing, and histological analyses of brain and colon tissues were performed. Results: . Histology confirmed neuroprotective and gut barrier-enhancing effects. Conclusion: ZZCD alleviates insomnia by modulating the gut-brain axis, rebalancing neurotransmitters, and restoring microbial homeostasis. These findings support its use as a safe and effective treatment for insomnia.