Enhancing Cascade Reaction Efficiency by Local pH Regulation for Integrated Anodic H 2 O 2 Generation and Ammoximation

Cascade reaction strategies integrating electrochemistry with chemical transformations offer routes for the synthesis of value-added chemicals. However, the efficiencies of such integrated processes get compromised due to competitive electrochemical reactions and incompatibility between electrochemical and chemical transformations. We report an integrated electrochemical-chemical coupling of anodic H₂O₂ generation with ammoximation for oxime synthesis. An FTO/Sb₂WO₆ anode was designed and optimized to anodically produce H₂O₂ with a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87%. H₂O₂ from the anode oxidizes NH₃ to NH₂OH, which subsequently reacts with cyclohexanone to yield cyclohexanone oxime with 99% selectivity and a maximum electron efficiency (EE) of 81%. Continuous and adjustable H₂O₂ input ensures synchronization with the ammonia oxidation reaction while minimizing over-oxidation of the reaction intermediates. Operando scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) revealed local pH shifts caused by the proton-coupled electron transfer and its effect on the FE of H₂O₂ synthesis and competing NH₃ oxidation, providing mechanistic insights for optimizing the reaction microenvironment. By regulating the electrolyte composition to modulate the interfacial pH, side reactions were suppressed and H₂O₂ generation was promoted, thereby enhancing cascade selectivity. This work highlights local pH regulation as a tool to improve reaction compatibility and efficiency in cascade electrosynthesis.