Taichi is medicine: Effects of Taichi exercise on knee fitness and psychological health in older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA): A randomized controlled trial

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) negatively affects quality of life in older adults, leading to reduced mobility and psychological issues such as depression and anxiety. Taichi, a traditional mind-body practice, may offer therapeutic benefits for this population. Methods: A structured Taichi intervention was implemented among older adults with KOA. Pre- and post-intervention assessments evaluated knee function, lower limb strength, balance, and psychological outcomes, including depression, anxiety, and stress. Paired t -tests were used to analyze changes. Results: This study revealed that The Taichi group showed a statistically significant improvement in knee function (mean difference = 21.6 points, 95% CI: 17.3–25.9, P = .001, Cohen d = 1.87), lower limb strength (mean difference = 24.4 kg, 95% CI: 16.5–32.2, P = .001, d = 1.01), and balance (mean difference = 12.6 points, 95% CI: 2.8–22.3, P = .014, d = 1.01). Psychological outcomes also improved significantly in the intervention group: depression (mean difference = –2.70, 95% CI: –3.71 to –1.69, P = .001, d = 1.06), anxiety (mean difference = –2.28, 95% CI: –3.26 to –1.30, P = .001, d = 0.75), and stress (mean difference = –2.79, 95% CI: –5.19 to –0.39, P = .025, d = 0.61). Conclusion: These findings suggest Taichi as a non-pharmacological intervention for improving both physical and psychological outcomes in older adults with KOA. As a holistic mind-body therapy, Taichi presents a promising approach to enhancing functional ability and mental well-being in this population, reinforcing the concept that Taichi is Medicine.