Research Progress on the Removal of Fluoride From Water Environment Based on Metal–Organic Frameworks Materials

Fluoride pollution in water is a serious global environmental problem that threatens the stability of ecosystems and public health. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great promise as adsorbents for purifying water because of their large surface area, adjustable pores, and customizable chemical features. This article reviews the latest progress in removing fluoride from water using MOFs. It comprehensively introduces the main ways to make MOFs, assesses how well different MOFs can adsorb fluoride in contaminated water, and analyzes the mechanisms by which they remove fluoride. Additionally, it discusses how key environmental factors affect adsorption efficiency and the development of MOFs design. The future research directions for MOFs in fluoride removal involve developing green synthesis methods and composite materials, optimizing the operating conditions of adsorption and combining MOFs with other methods, strengthening the cooperation between materials science and artificial intelligence, and using machine-learning-assisted screening. This article not only provides a theoretical reference for the material development direction of MOFs but also offers a technical reference for fluoride removal from water.