Oriented tooth detection: a CBCT image processing method integrated with RoI transformer

Abstract Objectives Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has revolutionized dental imaging due to its high spatial resolution and ability to provide detailed 3-dimensional reconstructions of dental structures. This study introduces an innovative CBCT image processing method using an oriented object detection approach integrated with a Region of Interest (RoI) transformer. Methods This study addresses the challenge of accurate tooth detection and classification in PAN derived from CBCT, introducing an innovative oriented object detection approach, which has not been previously applied in dental imaging. This method better aligns with the natural growth patterns of teeth, allowing for more accurate detection and classification of molars, premolars, canines, and incisors. By integrating RoI transformer, the model demonstrates relatively acceptable performance metrics compared to conventional horizontal detection methods while also offering enhanced visualization capabilities. Furthermore, post-processing techniques, including distance and greyscale value constraints, are employed to correct classification errors and reduce false positives, especially in areas with missing teeth. Results The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves an accuracy of 98.48%, a recall of 97.21%, an F1 score of 97.21%, and an mean average precision (mAP) of 98.12% in tooth detection. Conclusions The proposed method enhances the accuracy of tooth detection in CBCT-derived PAN by reducing background interference and improving the visualization of tooth orientation.