Recent advances in application of iron-based catalysts for CO hydrogenation to value-added hydrocarbons

The widespread utilization of fossil fuels has caused an associated increase in CO2 emissions over the past few decades, which has resulted in global warming and ocean acidification. CO hydrogenation (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, FTS) is considered a significant route for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals from nonpetroleum sources to meet worldwide demand. Conversion of CO2 with renewable H2 into valuable hydrocarbons is beneficial for reducing dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating the negative effects of high CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. Iron-based catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance in both FTS and CO2 hydrogenation to value-added hydrocarbons. The abundance and low cost of iron-based catalysts also promote their wide application in COx hydrogenation. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the significant developments in the application of iron-based catalysts in these two fields. The active phases, promoter effect, and support of iron-based catalysts are discussed in the present paper. Based on understanding of these three essential aspects, we also cover recent advances in the design and preparation of novel iron-based catalysts for FTS and CO2 hydrogenation. Current challenges and future catalytic applications are also outlined.