A Subtle Decline in Cardiac Mechanics is correlated with Albuminuria in Asymptomatic Normotensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Two Dimensional Strain Echocardiography Study

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) insidiously affects the myocardium with subsequent cardiomyopathy and induces microvascular damage in the kidneys reflected by albuminuria. We aimed to investigate the relationship between albuminuria and subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in asymptomatic normotensive patients with T2DM assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography.Sixty normotensive patients with T2DM were included and subdivided into two subgroups, each including thirty patients according to the presence of albuminuria, together with thirty control subjects. All underwent echocardiographic examination, including LV regional and global longitudinal strain (GLS) measurements. Laboratory tests were withdrawn, including serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). When compared to the control group, patients with T2DM had a significantly lower average peak systolic LV GLS (-16.18% ± 2.78% vs. -18.13% ± 2.86%, P < 0.001), however, there was no significant difference in average peak systolic LV GLS between both diabetic subgroups (-15.57% ± 2.77% in the albuminuric subgroup vs. -16.79% ± 2.70% in the nonalbuminuric subgroup, P = 0.077). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between ACR and reduction of GLS in patients with T2DM and albuminuria (r = 0.55, P = 0.002). However, this correlation was absent in patients with T2DM without albuminuria (r = 0.107, P = 0.573).Patients with T2DM have subclinical LV systolic dysfunction with a reduction of average LV GLS that correlates with ACR in patients with T2DM and albuminuria.