Recent advances in nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide and nitrite for biomedical and food research

Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrite are of significant importance in clinical/biomedical research and in quality control applications for the food industry. Electrochemical sensing of NO and nitrite has been extensively pursued over the last two years. Efficient interfaces based on functional nanomaterials and bioactive molecules (e.g. metals, metal oxides, carbon-based nanomaterials, conducting polymers, and heme proteins) have been widely explored toward sensor development. Herein, we review the most recent advances in the electrochemical sensing of NO and nitrite, while the critical roles of nanomaterials in the design of advanced electrochemical sensors are highlighted.