Trophectoderm regeneration to support full-term development in the inner cell mass isolated from bovine blastocyst

externalization of the blastomeres composing the outermost layer of the ICM. Here, we investigated the totipotency of isolated mouse and bovine ICMs to determine whether they are competent for TE regeneration. Surprisingly, a calf was generated from the bovine isolated ICM with re-formed blastocoel (re-iICM), but no mouse re-iICMs developed to term. To further explore the cause of difference in developmental competency between the mouse and bovine re-iICMs, we investigated the SOX17 protein expression that is a representative molecular marker of primitive endoderm. The localization pattern of SOX17 was totally different between mouse and bovine embryos. Particularly, the ectopic SOX17 localization in the TE might be associated with lethality of mouse re-iICMs. Meanwhile, transcriptome sequencing revealed that some of the bovine re-iICMs showed transcriptional patterns of TE-specific genes similar to those of whole blastocysts. Our findings suggest that TE regeneration competency is maintained longer in bovine ICMs than in mouse ICMs and provide evidence that the ICM/TE cell fate decision is influenced by structural determinants, including positional information of each blastomere in mammalian embryos.