Gas chromatographic separation of enantiomers on novel chiral stationary phases

Chiral capillary gas chromatography has been widely applied to separate volatile and thermally stable enantiomers due to its advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, fast analysis, good sensitivity, and absence of liquid mobile phases. In the first part of this article, recent research progress (from 2010 to the present) concerning newly developed chiral stationary phases based on cyclofructan derivatives and chiral porous materials, including metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, inorganic mesoporous silicas, and molecular cages for use in gas chromatography, and the synthetic strategies for obtaining chiral porous materials, was reviewed. Finally, we discussed in detail the separation performances and chiral recognition mechanisms of novel chiral recognition materials coated on capillary columns towards various types of enantiomers, namely (1) amino acid derivatives; (2) alcohols, amines, and amino alcohols; (3) organic acids; (4) aldehydes and ketones; (5) ethers and epoxides, and (6) esters and other enantiomers.