Scalable synthesis of few-layered MoS2/C sandwiched nanocomposites via ionic crystal (NH4)2MoS4 assisted ball-milling method and their enhanced high-rate lithium storage property

Ball milling has been proven to be an efficient method for exfoliating and reassembling heterogeneous layered nanocomposites on a large scale. This study explores the use of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (NH4)2MoS4, an ion crystal with an octahedral structure, as both a precursor of layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and an intermediate during ball milling to assist in the exfoliation and fragilization of expandable graphite (EG). Due to its ion crystal structure and high hardness, (NH4)2MoS4 can efficiently transfer and magnify the impacting and shearing forces generated during the ball milling process, accelerating the exfoliation and fragmentation efficiency of EG. Moreover, (NH4)2MoS4 is nano-crystallized by the ball milling forces and uniformly distributed on the carbon nanosheets. Electrochemical performance tests indicate that the resulting nanocomposites, with a satisfactory heterogeneous structure, exhibit excellent Li-storage capacity, achieving 529 mA h g−1 after 150 cycles at a high current density of 500 mA g−1. The relationship between the microstructure and improved electrochemical performance, as well as the formation mechanism of the product, is discussed in detail. This study provides a new approach for conveniently constructing nanocomposites using two types of layered materials that offer satisfactory rate capability and cyclability, making them potentially suitable for application in Li-ion batteries.