Effect of orthodontic treatment with premolar extractions on occlusal planes: A retrospective study

Abstract Objective To figure out whether premolar extractions treatment would influence the cant of the occlusal planes and thus affect dentoskeletal patterns in patients with different types of malocclusions. Materials and Methods A total of 140 post‐orthodontic treatment subjects (96 females, 44 males) were included in this study, and their lateral cephalograms and demographic information were collected and analysed. The patients were divided into extraction and non‐extraction groups. The ANB, SNA, SNB, Wits, Facial Height Index (FHI), SN‐MP, SN‐AOP, SN‐POP and AOP‐POP angle were measured on the cephalograms. Other possible confounding factors were recorded. Data were analysed by univariate analysis, stratified analysis, multivariate analysis, and coefficient analysis. Results After treatment, the changes in the AOP‐SN, POP‐SN and AOP‐POP angle were statistically different between the extraction and non‐extraction groups. The results were consistent in different skeletal malocclusions and extent of crowding according to stratified analysis. After adjusting all confounding factors, the cant of the posterior occlusal plane was flattened further by 2.14 degrees in the extraction group than the non‐extraction group after orthodontic treatment, and the AOP‐SN and AOP‐POP angle would further increase by 1.72 and 3.81 degrees, respectively. Although no significant differences were found between the two groups, the SNA, ANB, and Wits in the extraction group decreased more with increased counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. Conclusion Compared to the non‐extraction group, there were more increases in the AOP‐SN and AOP‐POP angle and more posterior flattening in patients with four premolar extractions despite different types of dentoskeletal malocclusion, which were correlated to the change of variables in sagittal and vertical dimensions such as Wits and FHI.