Effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation with 3D-printing and ultrasound localization for treating neurogenic bladder in patients with pelvic structural anomalies

Combining preoperative 3D printing with intraoperative ultrasound-assisted puncture significantly improves the accuracy of SNM placement, reduces surgery time, and eliminates X-ray exposure for both doctors and patients. This method is both safe and effective for patients with neurogenic bladder and pelvic anomalies.