Nanoparticle based intranasal drug delivery system of some herbal medicinal plants for Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Background Diseases of the Central Nervous System (CNS) such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, meningitis, migraine, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease require delivery of the drug to the brain for effective treatment but it remains problematic area to deal with, as the central nervous system (CNS) is isolated from the whole body by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). This tight physiological barrier limits the drug diffusion towards the brain parenchyma and is considered as the bottleneck in brain drug development. Now this can be circumvented by intraventricular or intracerebral administration. Intra Nasal delivery thus attributes to non‐invasive, essentially painless, high vascularity and the permeability of the nasal mucosa, which aids the drug in bypassing the aforementioned processes of degradation. Now the increasing realization of the side effects of allopathic medicines, coupled with the growing awareness about the medicinal benefits as well as therapeutic effect of herbal products is pushing up the demand for herbal extracts and herbal‐based supplements worldwide. Method In this study we designed a natural compound based Nanoformulations for drug delivery via nasal route to treat Alzheimer’s condition Result After various preliminary studies we prepared standard extract loaded Nanoformulations with their particle size between the range 80 – 290nm and sustained release kinetics profile. Further, the toxicity analysis (morphological, cell viability, cytotoxicity assays) of these nanoformulations was performed on RPMI2650 (Human nasal septum) and NB41A3 (Mouse hippocampus) cell lines based on the route and site of drug delivery. Lastly, in vivo experiments were performed with AD (cognitive impairment) induced mice model. There was seemingly, a significant decrease in anti ß amyloid antibody positive neurons in case of optimised nanoformulations in comparison to the galantamine. It was also found to have reduced lesions caused due to the amyloid aggregation reflecting a noted improvement in dispersing and reducing the lesions in the hippocampal tissues. Conclusion In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the developed nanoformulations have potential therapeutic effects on improving the pathological state of AD, and might be taken further as a promising candidate for clinical research to evaluate its efficacy in humans.