Therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in early traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a refractory disease due to its unclear pathomechanism. Therapies during the early stage of ONFH have not achieved satisfactory results. Therefore, this study aims to explore the available evidence for the therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) on early-stage traumatic ONFH. Early-stage traumatic ONFH was established. The femoral heads of rats were then locally administered HUCMSCs. Four weeks and eight weeks after surgery, bone repair of the necrotic area in the femoral head was analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HUCMSCs using micro-CT, histopathological staining, immunofluorescence staining, Luminex. HUCMSCs were still present in the femoral head four weeks later, and the morphological, micro-CT and histopathological outcomes in the 4-week HUCMSC-treated group were better than those in the model, NS and 8-week HUCMSC-treated groups. Local transplantation of HUCMSCs promoted bone repair and prevented bone loss in the necrotic area of the femoral head. HUCMSCs can survive and positively affect the femoral head through local transplantation in early-stage traumatic ONFH. The conclusions of this study can provide a treatment option for patients who have ONFH and can serve as basic research on the advanced development of this disease. The study indicated that the positive effect of exogenous HUCMSCs in the treatment of early-stage traumatic ONFH provides the solid basis and guidance for the clinical application of HUCMSCs.