One-dimensional electronic states in a natural misfit structure

Misfit compounds are thermodynamically stable stacks of two-dimensional materials, forming a three-dimensional structure that remains incommensurate in one direction parallel to the layers. As a consequence, no true bonding is expected between the layers, with their interaction being dominated by charge transfer. In contrast to this well-established picture, we show that interlayer coupling can strongly influence the electronic properties of one type of layer in a misfit structure, in a similar way to the creation of modified band structures in an artificial moiré structure between two-dimensional materials. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a micron-scale light focus, we selectively probe the electronic properties of hexagonal NbSe2 and square BiSe layers that terminate the surface of the (BiSe)1+δNbSe2 misfit compound. We show that the band structure in the BiSe layers is strongly affected by the presence of the hexagonal NbSe2 layers, leading to quasi-one-dimensional electronic features. The electronic structure of the NbSe2 layers, on the other hand, is hardly influenced by the presence of the BiSe. Using density functional theory calculations of the unfolded band structures, we argue that the preferred modification of one type of band is mainly due to the atomic and orbital character of the states involved, opening a promising way to design electronic states that exploit the partially incommensurate character of the misfit compounds.