Meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis of intranasal corticosteroid treatment in allergic rhinitis with ocular symptoms

Intranasal corticosteroid (INCS) has a beneficial effect on ocular symptoms in allergic rhinitis (AR). To our knowledge, the cost-effectiveness of available INCS for AR with ocular symptoms is yet to be demonstrated.To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of INCSs including Budesonide (BANS), Mometasone furoate (MFNS), Triamcinolone (TANS), and Fluticasone furoate (FFNS) on ocular symptoms associated with AR in the Thai context.The percentage of effectiveness in improving total ocular symptoms score (TOSS) was derived from the result of a meta-analysis that estimated the SMD of each INCS treatment compared to placebo as clinical input parameters. A cost-effectiveness analysis based on a decision-tree model to assess one-year costs and outcomes from a Thai societal perspective. The outcomes were to compare incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were also conducted to capture parameter uncertainties.13 eligible RCTs with a total of 3,722 patients with SAR were included in the analysis. The percentage of effectiveness of FFNS, MFNS, TANS, and BANS was 59.89%, 45.60%, 24.89%, and 16.00%, respectively. The ICER of FFNS, MFNS, and TANS is THB-6,539.92, 4,593.83, and 1,401.24 compared to BANS. CECA result showed the probability of using FFNS is considered cost-effective in 87.50% of cases from zero value followed by MFNS (0.80%), TANS (5.40%), and BANS (6.30%). With a threshold greater than THB20,000, FFNS is considered a cost-effective strategy.FFNS is a cost-effective option compared to alternative INCSs in Thailand for treating AR with ocular symptoms.