The Application of Organoids in the Research of Skeletal Diseases: Current Status and Prospects

Organoids, which are clumps of cells formed after in vitro 3D culture utilizing autologous tissue and stem cells, possess the 3D structure and corresponding functional and genetic features of the original tissue and organ. This model has immense potential in modeling the ontogeny of specific organismal organs, as well as in drug screening and studying molecular mechanisms. The newly developed concept of bone organoids, a special type of complex hard tissues that can be created in vitro using tissue engineering 3D culture technology, mimics the complex biological functions of bone tissue in vivo. These bone organoids are highly useful in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of bone regeneration, screening tissue engineering materials, and promoting bone regeneration and repair. They offer promising applications in bone regeneration research.