Maternal and fetal outcomes of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy: a population-based study

Background Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy can have negative effects on both the mother and the fetus. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the trends, maternal and fetal outcomes, and associated comorbidities of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy using data from the USA National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of hospital discharge records from the NIS database from 2009 to 2019. Results Delivery patients with acute pancreatitis faced a higher risk of maternal mortality (AOR 91.02, 95% CI 28.47–291.06), postpartum hemorrhage (AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02–2.49), and hypertensive complications (defined as preeclampsia, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome) (AOR 3.42, 95% CI 2.56–4.56) compared to those without acute pancreatitis. Moreover, we saw an increased incidence of preterm labor (AOR 3.94, 95% CI 3.02–5.12) and fetal death (AOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.76–5.53). Rates of fetal restriction and large fetal size were comparable. Additionally, the acute pancreatitis group showed higher rates of acute kidney injury (4.2% vs. 0.06%; AOR, 31.02, 95% CI 12.50–76.98), severe sepsis (0.8% vs. 0.01%; AOR, 34.49, 95% CI 7.67–155.14), and respiratory failure (2.4% vs. 0.06%; AOR, 20.77, 95% CI (8.55–50.41). There were no significant differences in maternal and perinatal outcomes in biliary pancreatitis after the intervention compared to conservative treatment. Conclusion Acute pancreatitis during pregnancy can have negative effects on both the mother and fetus. Treatment for biliary pancreatitis does not affect maternal and fetal outcomes. An interdisciplinary approach is essential to ensure optimal outcomes for mothers and their offspring in these cases.