JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its regulation on insect immunity.

JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in important biological processes, such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and immune regulation, and is one of the most important signal transduction pathways mediated by cytokines. JAK/STAT is a relatively conserved signaling pathway in insects, which is the main immune pathway together with Toll signaling pathway and Imd signaling pathway to resist the invasion of pathogens. It plays a vital role in insect immunity, hormone regulation and other physiological regulation processes. In this review, we summarize the cytokine receptor superfamily, JAKs family, STATs family, JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its mechanism of negative feedback regulation. We analyze the important functions and the latest research progress of JAK/STAT signaling pathway in insect infected by parasites, viruses and fungi. Finally, we propose the remaining problems in the study of JAK/STAT signaling pathway, so as to provide direction and reference for further research in this field.JAK/STAT信号通路参与细胞的生长、分化、凋亡和免疫调节等重要的生物学过程，是细胞因子介导的最重要的信号转导途径之一。在昆虫中，JAK/STAT是一条相对保守的信号途径，与Toll途径和Imd途径共同作为主要免疫途径以抵御病原物入侵，在昆虫免疫、激素调控和其他生理调节过程中发挥着十分重要的作用。本文介绍了细胞因子受体超家族、JAKs家族、STATs家族和JAK/STAT信号通路及其负反馈调节的作用机制，分析了寄生物、病毒和真菌感染昆虫时，JAK/STAT信号通路的重要功能及最新研究进展，并提出了JAK/STAT信号通路研究中尚待解决的问题，以期为该领域后续深入研究提供方向和参考。.